This day in History

A potpourri of off-topics.
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Babba_not_Gump
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:birthday2:
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Re: This day in History

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May 14.
1607. English colonists establish the 1st permanent English settlement in America at Jamestown. Unknown to them they have landed amidst the worst drought in 800 years.

1643. Louis XIV becomes King of France aged 4.

1767. British government disbands Americans import duty on tea.

1796. English country doctor Edward Jenner administers his revolutionary cowpox-based vaccine for smallpox.

1842. Illustrated London News; the world's first illustrated weekly newspaper, begins publication.

1853. Land surveyor, newspaper publisher and inventor Gail Borden patents his process for condensed milk.

1878. Vaseline is granted a patent (U.S. Patent 127,568).

1896. Lowest US temperature in May recorded (-10°F /-23°C at Climax, Colorado).

1910. Canada authorizes issuing of silver dollar coins.

1921. Florence Allen is 1st woman judge to sentence a man to death in Ohio.

1938 England soccer team beats Nazi-Germany, 6-3.

1939. Lina Medina of Peru becomes the world's youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of five.

1941. 3,600 Parisian Jews arrested by Nazis.

1943. Australian Hospital Ship Centaur sinks off the coast of Queensland after being struck by torpedo fired by Japanese submarine; 268 of 332 medical personnel and civilian crew aboard die.

1948. David Ben-Gurion declares Israel independent from British administration, Golda Meir one of the signatories.

1948. Jordan's Arab League captures Atarot, north of Jerusalem.

1948. US grants Israel de facto recognition.

1968. Beatles announce formation of Apple Corp.

1969. Abortion & contraception legalized in Canada.

1977. Stanley Cup Final, Boston Garden, Boston, MA: Jacques Lemaire scores twice as Montreal Canadiens edge Boston Bruins, 2-1 in OT for a 4 game sweep and back-to-back titles.

1986. Netherlands Institute for War Documentation publishes Anne Frank's complete diary.

2019. Wikipedia confirms China has banned all versions of its site.

2022. US records one million COVID-19 deaths, with The White House ordering flags to fly at half mast through the weekend.
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Re: This day in History

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May 15.
1536. Anne Boleyn and her brother George, Lord Rochford, accused of adultery and incest.

1602. Cape Cod discovered by English navigator Bartholomew Gosnold.

1718. James Puckle, a London lawyer, patents world's 1st machine gun.

1817. First private mental health hospital opens in the US, "Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason" (now Friends Hospital) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1841. First emigrant wagon train to make it to California leaves Independence, Missouri on a 1,730 mile journey over the Sierra Nevada.

1862. Major General Benjamin Butler issues order (New Orleans) that Confederate women abusing Union soldiers be treated as *bleep*.

1882. May Laws: Russian Tsar Alexander III bans Jews from living in rural Romania.

1885. Canadian Métis insurgent Louis Riel captured in the aftermath of the Battle of Batoche in Saskatchewan.

1905. Las Vegas founded in Nevada.

1919. Beginning of the Winnipeg General Strike as more than 30,000 workers walk off the job in the largest strike in Canadian history (ends 25 June).

1928. Mickey Mouse makes his 1st ever appearance in silent film "Plane Crazy".

1932. The 15th May Incident: in an attempted coup d'état, the Prime Minister of Japan Inukai Tsuyoshi is shot and killed by Navy officers in his home.

1940. Richard and Maurice McDonald open the 1st McDonald's restaurant in San Bernardino, California.

1944. 14,000 Jews of Munkacs, Hungary, deported to Auschwitz.

1948. End of the British Mandate over Palestine after 28 years. Troops from Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia attack Israel.

1957. Evangelist Billy Graham launches his "crusade" in front of 18,000 people at Madison Square Garden in NYC.

1972. The island of Okinawa, under U.S. military governance since its conquest in 1945, reverts to Japanese control.

1974. Ma'alot massacre: Palestinian terrorists take school hostage, 25 mostly children killed and 68 injured.

1990. Edmonton Oiler Petr Klima scores to defeat Boston Bruins in third overtime period, the longest Stanley Cup Finals game in history.

2002. "Bowling for Columbine", a documentary directed by Michael Moore has its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival.

2018. Controversial Kerch bridge linking Russia and annexed Crimea opened by Russian President Vladimir Putin. At 19km the longest bridge in Europe.

2023. Martha Stewart is Sports Illustrated oldest-ever cover model at 81, appearing as part of its swimsuit issue.
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Re: This day in History

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May 16.
1568. Defeated at the Battle of Langside, Mary Queen of Scots flees to England in the hope Elizabeth I will help her regain her throne who instead detains her at Carlisle Castle.

1817. Mississippi River steamboat service begins.

1866. US Congress authorizes the nickel 5 cent piece (replaces silver half-dime).

1876. Pharmacist Charles E. Hires presents "Hires Root Beer" at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1884. Italian inventor Angelo Moriondo receives patent for 1st espresso machine.

1888. CPR opens Hotel Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia.

1902. 2 deaf-mutes face each other for 1st time as Dummy Hoy leads off for the Reds against Dummy Taylor of the Giants, Reds win 5-3. :200: [icon_lol2.gif]

1924. 108°F (42°C) in Blitzen, Oregon.

1943. Operation Chastise: No. 617 Squadron RAF begins the famous Dambusters Raid, bombing the Möhne and Eder dams in the Ruhr valley with bouncing bombs.

1943. SS General Jürgen Stroop orders the burning of the Warsaw Ghetto, ending a month of Jewish resistance. 13,000 Jews died, about half burnt alive or suffocated, German casualties less than 300.

1944. 1st of 180,000+ Hungarian Jews reach Auschwitz.

1957. NY Yankee players including Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Hank Bauer are involved in a brawl at the Copacabana nightclub while watching Sammy Davis Jr. perform, leads to Billy Martin trade.

1965. The Campbell Soup Company introduces SpaghettiOs under its Franco-American brand.

1970. 23rd Cannes Film Festival: "M*A*S*H" film, directed by Robert Altman wins the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film.

1976. Stanley Cup Final, The Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA: Guy Lafleur and Pete Mahovlich each have a goal and 2 assists as Montreal Canadiens beat Philadelphia Flyers, 5-3 for a 4 games series sweep.

1982. Stanley Cup Final, Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver, BC: 3-peat for NY Islanders; sweep Vancouver Canucks in 4 games with a 3-1 Game 4 win.

1990. Eugene Stoner and Mikhail Kalashnikov, the creators of the M16 rifle and the AK-47 rifle respectively, meet in Washington, D.C.

2004. Day of Mourning at Bykivnia forest, just outside of Kyiv, Ukraine where during 1930s and early 1940s communist bolsheviks executed over 100,000 Ukrainian civilians.

2019. British people get drunk more than any other nation, 51 times a year according to the Global Drug survey, with English-speaking countries drinking the most.
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Re: This day in History

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May 17.
1536. Anne Boleyn's 4 "lovers" executed shortly before her own beheading.

1620. 1st merry-go-round seen at a fair in Philippapolis, Turkey.

1733. Great Britain passes Molasses Act, putting high tariffs on rum and molasses imported to the colonies from a country other than British possessions.

1775. American Revolutionary War: the Continental Congress bans trade with Canada.

1861. The first colour photograph, of a tartan ribbon is shown by Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell to the Royal Institution in London.

1884. Alaska becomes a US territory.

1916. British Summer Time (Daylight Savings) introduced.

1920. 1st flight by Dutch airlines KLM (Koninklijke-Luchtvaart-Maatschappij).

1932. US Congress changes name "Porto Rico" to "Puerto Rico".

1940. Germany occupies Brussels, Belgium and begins invasion of France.

1944. US General Dwight Eisenhower sets D-Day for June 5.

1948. 1948 Soviet Union recognizes Israel.

1960. 1st atomic reactor system patented by J W Flora of Canoga Park, California.

1961. Fidel Castro offers to exchange Bay of Pigs prisoners for 500 bulldozers.

1964. First Tim Horton's coffee and donut shop opens in Hamilton, Ontario by NHL player Tim Horton.

1979. Coldest temperature ever recorded in Hawaii, 12°F (-11°C), on top of Mauna Kea.

1983. Stanley Cup Final, Nassau Coliseum, Uniondale, NY: 4 consecutive titles for NY Islanders; sweep Edmonton Oilers in 4 games with a 4-2 Game 4 win.

1985. Les Anderson, catches record 97 lb 4 oz Chinook salmon, while fishing off coast of Alaska.

1990. "Cheers" star Kelsey Grammer sentenced to jail for 30 days for DWI.

2009. Video game Minecraft is first released to the public while in development.

2015. Canada defeats Russia to win gold at the 2015 IIHF World Championship.

2023. The oldest near-complete Hebrew Bible, The Codex Sassoon, from late 9th / early 10th century, sold for $38.1 million at Sotheby's in New York, one of the highest prices for a book at auction.
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May 22.
1370. Jews are expelled and massacred in Brussels, Belgium.

1761. 1st life insurance policy in North America issued in Philadelphia.

1766. Istanbul earthquake with estimated magnitude of 7.1, causes widespread extensive damage, followed by a significant tsunami. The number of deaths was estimated at 4,500.

1799. Napoleon makes statement in support of re-establishing Jerusalem for Jews.

1807. Townsend Speakman 1st sells fruit-flavoured carbonated drinks in Philadelphia.

1888. Leroy Buffington patents a system to build skyscrapers.

1892. Dr Washington Sheffield invents the toothpaste tube.

1906. A British garrison leaves Esquimalt, on the Pacific coast, after a military assignment that began in 1858: the last British soldiers stationed in Canada.

1915. Lassen Peak volcano erupts with a powerful force, only mountain other than Mount St. Helens, to erupt in the continental US during the 20th century.

1927. 8.3 Nan-Shan earthquake strikes Tsinghai, China, over 40,900 killed.

1953. US President Eisenhower signs Offshore Oil Bill.

1960. Tsunami generated by a magnitude 9.4-9.6 earthquake in Chile strikes Hilo, Hawaii at 01:04 AM, severely damaging many coastal towns .

1965. "Super-cali-fragil-istic-expi-ali-docious", from the film "Mary Poppin" hits #66.

1970. Arab terrorists kill 9 children & 3 adults on a school bus at Moshav Avivim, near Israel's border with Lebanon.

1986. American singer and actress Cher calls David Letterman an "a**hole" while a guest on his "Late Night" TV program (NBC).

1987. Rick Hansen completes his 'Man in Motion' world tour in a wheelchair at Vancouver's BC Place Stadium, raising money for spinal cord research.

1990. Microsoft releases Windows 3.0.

2013. British Army Fusilier Lee Rigby is murdered near the Royal Artillery Barracks in London by two Islamic terrorists, Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale.

2017. Suicide bombing at Manchester Arena, England by Islamic terrorists, after Ariana Grande concert kills 22 and injures 59.

2021. Mount Nyiragongo volcano erupts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, sending rivers of lava towards the nearby city of Goma, prompting evacuations.
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May 24.
1689. English Parliament guarantees freedom of religion for Protestants.

1755. Smuggler Louis Mandrin considered the French Robin Hood is sentenced to be broken on the wheel, a medieval form of torture and execution that breaks the bones of the subject.

1830. "Mary Had A Little Lamb" by Sarah Josepha Hale is first published by Boston firm Marsh, Capen & Lyon.

1844. Samuel Morse taps out "What hath God wrought" in the world's first telegraph message.

1862. Westminster Bridge across The Thames in London opens, becoming the second such bridge after an earlier bridge fell into decay.

1881. Overloaded Canadian river ferry "Princess Victoria" sinks near London, Ontario, 180 die.

1922. Record temperature in Netherlands for May recorded: 35.6°C (96°F).

1940. Adolf Hitler and General von Rundstedt issue a Halt Order stopping German armed divisions and allowing British and French armies to evacuate through Calais and Dunkirk.

1941. German battleship Bismarck sinks the British battle cruiser HMS Hood; 1,416 die, 3 survive.

1943. Final entry in the Stroop Report, detailing the destruction of the Jewish Warsaw Ghetto, compiled by Nazi officers, later used as evidence in the Nuremberg trials.

1954. IBM announces vacuum tube "electronic" brain that could perform 10 million operations an hour.

1962. US astronaut Scott Carpenter aboard Aurora 7 (Mercury-Atlas 7) orbits the Earth three times in a flight just under five hours.

1968. FLQ separatists bomb the U.S. consulate in Quebec City.

1969. The Beatles' "Get Back" single goes #1 and stays #1 for 5 weeks.

1980. Stanley Cup Final, Nassau Coliseum, Uniondale, NY: In first Finals appearance, NY Islanders beat Philadelphia Flyers, 5-4 in OT for a 4 games to 2 series win.

1986. Stanley Cup Final, Saddledome, Calgary, AL: Montreal Canadiens beat Calgary Flames, 4-3 for 4-1 series victory.

1990. Stanley Cup Final, Boston Garden, Boston, MA: Edmonton Oilers beat Boston Bruins, 4-1 for a 4-1 series win; Oilers' 5th Cup win in 7 years.

2004. North Korea bans mobile phones.

2016. Bill Cosby is ordered to stand trial in a sexual assault case in Norristown.

2018. Actor Morgan Freeman accused of sexual harassment by several women in CNN report.
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Re: This day in History

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May 28.
585 BC. Solar eclipse, as predicted by Greek philosopher Thales, leads to a truce between warring Lydians and Medes. One of the cardinal dates from which other dates calculated.

1349. Black Death Massacre: 60 Jews murdered in Breslau, Silesia; part of a wave of pogroms across Western Europe.

1431. Joan of Arc is accused of relapsing into heresy by donning male clothing again, providing justification for her execution.

1731. All Hebrew books in Papal State are confiscated.

1889. Édouard and André Michelin incorporate the Michelin tyre company.

1923. US Attorney General says it is legal for women to wear trousers anywhere.

1928. Dodge Brothers Inc and Chrysler Corporation merge.

1932. Netherlands closes off the Zuiderzee - a new system of dams and dykes to reclaim land and provide flood protection. The country's largest hydraulic engineering project of the 20th century.

1934. Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Olivia and Elzire Dionne, later becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.

1937. Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco opens to vehicular traffic.

1942. 1,800 Czechs murdered by Nazis during attack on Heydrich.

1948. Israeli Air Force is officially founded shortly after the start of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

1959. Monkeys Able & Baker zoom 300 miles (500 km) into space on Jupiter missile, become 1st animals retrieved from a space mission.

1974. NHL Amateur Draft. Buffalo General Manager Punch Imlach claimed "Taro Tsujimoto" of the "Tokyo Katanas" of Japan 183rd overall. Imlach later admitted that Tsujimoto was a fabrication.

1979. ABC premiere of TV's "The House on Garibaldi Street", based on the 1960 capture of Adolf Eichmann in Argentina.

2003.  Patrick Roy officially announces his retirement from the NHL.

2020. Iranian President Hassan Rouhani calls for new protections for women after the 'honor killing' of a 14-year-old by her father.

2021. Discovery of a mass grave with the remains of 215 children from Kamloops Indian Residential School announced by First Nation in British Columbia, Canada.
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Re: This day in History

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Babba_not_Gump wrote: May 28th, 2024, 2:13 pm

2021. Discovery of a mass grave with the remains of 215 children from Kamloops Indian Residential School announced by First Nation in British Columbia, Canada.
and we all saw how that worked out.
Let's build those pipelines!!
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Re: This day in History

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The Green Barbarian wrote: May 28th, 2024, 5:55 pm
Babba_not_Gump wrote: May 28th, 2024, 2:13 pm

2021. Discovery of a mass grave with the remains of 215 children from Kamloops Indian Residential School announced by First Nation in British Columbia, Canada.
and we all saw how that worked out.
:up:
I knew I'd hear from you.
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Re: This day in History

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Babba_not_Gump wrote: May 28th, 2024, 7:14 pm
The Green Barbarian wrote: May 28th, 2024, 5:55 pm

and we all saw how that worked out.
:up:
I knew I'd hear from you.
Image

:biggrin:
Let's build those pipelines!!
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May 30.
1431. Hundred Years' War: 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal in Rouen, France.

1498. Christopher Columbus departs with 6 ships for 3rd trip to America.

1626. An explosion at the Wanggongchang Gunpowder Factory in Beijing destroys part of the city and kills 20,000 people.

1806. Future US President Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel after Dickinson accused Jackson's wife of bigamy.

1832. The Rideau Canal in eastern Ontario is opened. Oldest continuously operated canal system in North America.

1879. 92°F highest temperature ever recorded in Cleveland in May.

1879. Gilmore Garden (NYC) renamed Madison Square Garden.

1896. First car accident occurs; Henry Wells hits a cyclist in NYC.

1911. 1st Indianapolis 500: Ray Harroun driving a Marmon Wasp for Nordyke & Marmon Company comes out of retirement, wins inaugural event; average speed: 74.602 mph.

1925. Peter DePaolo became 1st man to average over 100 mph at Indy.

1944. Transport No. 75 departs Drancy internment camp, taking 1,000 French Jews to Auschwitz extermination camp in Nazi German occupied Poland; 627 killed upon arrival, approximately 99 survive the war.

1964. The Beatles' "Love Me Do" single goes #1 in the United States.

1967. American motorcycle daredevil Robert "Evel" Knievel's motorcycle jumps 16 automobiles in Gardena, California.

1971. 36 hospitalized during Grateful Dead concert from drinking LSD apple juice.

1972. 3 Japanese PFL terrorists kills 24, wound 72 at Tel Aviv's Lod Intl airport.

1987. North American Philips Company unveils compact disc video.

2019. Singer R. Kelly charged with 11 new counts of sexual assault and abuse in Chicago.

2020. Record number of COVID-19 cases reported worldwide 134,064, driven by hot spots in Brazil, Peru, Egypt, South Africa and Bangladesh.
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May 31.
1578. Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England, to Frobisher Bay, Canada.

1790. Alferez Manuel Quimper, a Spanish Peruvian explorer charted the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

1885. Dr John Harvey Kellogg of Battle Creek, Michigan files application for patent for "flaked cereal, and process of making same", controversially excluding his younger brother Will Keith Kellogg.

1911. RMS Titanic launched in Belfast.

1916. Battle of Jutland: Largest naval battle of World War I between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet which killed 8,645 in an inconclusive battle but strategic British victory. German fleet never puts to sea again in WWI.

1941. 32.0 cm rain falls on Burlington Kansas (state record).

1941. Nazi occupiers forbid Jews access to beaches and swimming pools in the Netherlands.

1958. Dick Dale invents "surf music" with "Let's Go Trippin".

1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono record "Give Peace a Chance" in a Montreal hotel, during their second 'bed-in' for peace.

1976. The Who set the record for the loudest concert of all time, 120 decibels at 50 meters, at The Valley in Charlton, London.

1977. Trans-Alaska oil pipeline completed, one of the world's largest pipeline systems.

1997. The Confederation Bridge opens, linking Prince Edward Island with mainland New Brunswick.

2004. British children's cartoon "Peppa Pig" created by Astley Baker Davies premieres on Channel 5.

2008. Usain Bolt breaks the world record in the 100m sprint, with a wind-legal (+1.7m/s) 9.72 seconds.

2018. Danish government bans garments that cover the face, including the niqab and burqa.

2021. Peru says its COVID-19 death toll is three times higher than its official count (180,764 vs 68,000), making it one of the hardest hit countries per capita.
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June 1.
4000 BC. Approximate domestication of the horse in the Eurasian steppes near Dereivka, central Ukraine (hypothesis only).

1215. Peking [Beijing], then a city of over one million, under the control of Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured and looted for a month by the Mongols under Genghis Khan.

1495. First written record of Scotch Whisky appears in Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, Friar John Cor is the distiller.

1638. 1st earthquake recorded in US, at Plymouth, Massachusetts.

1831. British explorer James Clark Ross discovers the magnetic North Pole on the west coast of Boothia peninsula.

1845. Homing pigeon completes 11,000 km trip (Namibia-London) in 55 days.

1869. Thomas Edison granted his first patent for the Electric Vote Recorder (U.S. Patent 90,646).

1880. The first pay telephone service in the United States is installed in New Haven, Connecticut.

1907. -27°F (-33°C), Sarmiento, Argentina (South American record).

1918. Canadian ace Billy Bishop downs 6 aircraft over a three-day span, including German ace Paul Bilik, reclaiming his top scoring title from James McCudden.

1927. Peace Bridge between US and Canada opens.

1941. 12.59" (31.98 cm) rainfall, in Burlington, Kansas (state 24-hr record).

1944. Allied generals Bernard Montgomery, George S. Patton, Omar Bradley, Miles Dempsey and Harry Crerar meet in Portsmouth, England just prior to D-Day.

1948. Israel & Arab countries agree to a cease fire.

1962. SS officer Adolf Eichmann is executed in Israel after being found guilty of war crimes.

1967. EMI releases The Beatles' album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" nation-wide in the UK; it goes to number one for 22 weeks in the UK.

1969. Tobacco advertising is banned on Canadian radio & TV.

1974. The Heimlich maneuver for rescuing choking victims is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.

1975. Ronnie Wood replaces Mick Taylor as Rolling Stones guitarist.

1980. 1st transmission of CNN, the Cable News Network.

1997. After a huge 7-month buildup, Donovan Bailey of Canada beats American superstar Michael Johnson in 150m race in Toronto, disappointingly, Johnson pulls up at 110m mark with quadriceps injury.

2001. Dolphinarium massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.

2017. US President Donald Trump announces the US is withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement.

2021. US President Joe Biden's administration suspends oil and gas leases in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, reversing Donald Trump's decision.
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June 2.
1615. First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.

1835.  P. T. Barnum & his circus begin 1st tour of US.

1851. 1st US alcohol prohibition law enacted (Maine).

1855. The Portland Rum Riot occurs in Portland, Maine.

1857. James Gibbs of Virginia, patents the chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine.

1896. Italian engineer and inventor Guglielmo Marconi applies for the first ever patent for a system of wireless telegraphy in the United Kingdom.

1910. Pygmies discovered in Dutch New Guinea.

1917. Canadian ace Billy Bishop undertakes a solo mission behind enemy lines, shooting down three aircraft as they were about to take off and several more on the ground, for which he is awarded the Victoria Cross.

1941. WWII: British Royal Navy captures U-110, its 1st German U-boat; after gathering valuable code machinery, they sink the vessel.

1944. Herzogenbusch concentration camp near Vught, Netherlands, is disbanded by Allied forces, one of two SS-run camps outside Germany.

1948. it was announced that the Art Ross Trophy would now be awarded annually to the scoring leader rather than “the outstanding player.” Montreal’s Elmer Lach became the first winner with 61 points during the 1947-48 season.

1952. Maurice Olley of General Motors begins designing the Corvette.

1953. Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

1966. US Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum; 1st lunar soft-landing.

1977. New Jersey allows casino gambling in Atlantic City.

1983. 1980 movie "Attack of the Killer Tomatoes" released in Germany.

1989. 10,000 Chinese soldiers are blocked by 100,000 citizens in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, protecting students demonstrating for democracy.

1994. Indonesian censors ban Steven Spielberg's "Schindler's List".

1997. Timothy McVeigh found guilty of 1995 Oklahoma City bombing that killed 168.

2004.  Ken Jennings begins his 74-game winning streak on the syndicated television game show "Jeopardy!".

2020. UK death toll from COVID-19 passes 50,000 (50,032) according to its Office of National Statistics.
I'm posting this from Traditional lands of the British Empire & the current Lands of The Dominion of Canada.
I also give thanks for this ethos richness bestowed on us via British Colonialism.

Stand up to Anti-Semitism.

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